Multiple myeloma - the most common disease among plasma cell tumors, whose development is associated with prol... Read more »
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Myeloma refers to tumors with low proliferative activity of malignant cells. Likely precursors of myeloma cells derived from germinal centers of lymph nodes, migrate through the bloodstream to the bone marrow. Tumor cell proliferation in multiple myeloma is a consequence of clonal expansion of a post germinal B-cells, which, in contrast to normal, have invariabelny type of hyper-immune globulin gene mutation and who, because of its ability to bind to antigens (affin... Read more »
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The most common manifestations of multiple myeloma are: bone pain (especially the spine, ribs, pelvis, shoulder and hip) and their pathological fractures, particularly vertebral compression fractures (resulting in the growth of patients is sometimes reduced), the symptoms of hypercalcemia, renal, normochromic anemia, Bacterial infections (mainly Gram-positive, particularly pneumococcal). Less common hemorrhagic manifestations, hyper viscous syndrome, amyloidosis.... Read more »
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The main criteria for diagnosis of multiple myeloma include: identification of plasmacytoma in the tissue biopsy, and more than 30% plasma cells in bone marrow (in most cases with signs of malignancy, in particular multi-plasma cells), the presence of μ-gradient in the serum (> 35 g / l for IgG or> 20 g / l for IgA) or in daily urine (> 10 g / day). Minor diagnostic criteria are: 10 ... 30% plasma cells in bone marrow, the identification of μ-gradient, but ... Read more »
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Myeloma in stage IA, "smoldering" or "creeping" myeloma, often do not require immediate therapy. Indications for early treatment is the appearance of symptoms associated with increasing paraprotein, giperviskoznym and haemorrhagic syndrome, the progression of osteolytic lesions (bone pain, compression of the spine and spinal cord, bone fractures), hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, amyloidosis, development of pronounced anemia, emergence of infectious complications.<... Read more »
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