The above symptoms persisting for a long time, especially an elderly person, give reason to suspect cancer of the trachea. Establish the presence of a tumor is possible only through the inspection. When the tumor in the upper parts of the trachea, it can be seen in the mirror laryngoscopy, more often for diagnosis has to resort to direct laryngoscopy and upper tracheo microscopy. The last must be done with great caution so as not to cause heavy bleeding. The same caution should be exercised and tracheotomy. Tracheotomy is usually lower than the location of the tumor. For inspection of the trachea after the cut it well to take advantage of the mirror with a long nose jaws.
Valuable diagnostic method is to study X-rays, and the use of contrast agents, allows almost accurately determine the size and location of the tumor.
In order to confirm the diagnosis and establish the nature of the tumor take a test piece of the tumor for microscopic analysis (not forgetting about the danger of aspiration of blood and particle infiltration). However, experience shows that histological examination does not always possible to reliably determine the nature of infiltration. This may depend on what a piece is taken from the superficial parts of the infiltrate, and sometimes from different interpretations of the same drug in different histology. Therefore crucial in the diagnosis of cancer of the trachea should be given to the clinical picture. In some cases, you must make a differential diagnosis with specific granulomas (syphilis, tuberculosis, scleroma). We must bear in mind the possibility of having two simultaneous disease processes (eg, cancer and syphilis of the trachea).
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